Sunday, December 18, 2011
Saturday, December 17, 2011
Why Sodium Chloride Molecules In Our Food Articles Do Not Antidote Potentized Natrum Mur?
http://dialecticalohmeopathy.wordpress.com/2011/12/14/why-sodium-chloride-molecules-in-our-food-articles-do-not-antidote-potentized-natrum-mur/
As per the scientific understanding of homeopathy proposed by Dialectical Homeopathy, active principles of potentized drugs are ‘molecular imprints’ of constituent molecules contained in the drug substances used for potentization. Exactly, ‘molecular imprints’ are considered as supra-molecular clusters of water-alcohol molecules into which the three-dimensional molecular configuration of guest molecules(drug molecules) are imprinted as nanocavities. These ‘molecular imprints’ will have a specific affinity towards the original drug molecules, as well as other molecules having similar functional moieties, and can bind to them. Potentized homeopathic drugs act as therapeutic agents due to this configurational affinity towards pathogenic molecules having similar functional moieties.
According to this view, crude drug molecules will have an affinity towards their own molecular imprints due to their complementary configuration, and can specifically bind to them. As such, drug molecules should be capable of deactivating their potentized forms by binding to the molecular imprints. Due to this reason, it is commonly advised not to administer mother tinctures and lower potencies of drug substances when the patient is undergoing treatment with higher potencies of same drugs.
A question commonly raised in this connection is, why NATRUM MUR in high potencies are not antidoted by the use of molecular forms of sodium chloride as part of daily diet. If crude molecules of a drug substance could antidote its potentized forms, potentized Nat Mur should be deactivated by sodium chloride we consume. As per our experience, such an antidoting does not happen. If potentized Natrum Mur is used as similimum, it acts well even if the patient consumes sodium chloride as part of his food. Many articles used as spices and culinary during preparation of foods are also used as therapeutic agents in high potencies, and many of them do not deactivate potentized forms, where as some are found to be antidotal to potentized drugs. A logical and scientific answer is required for these reasonable questions.
When administered into the organism as medicinal agents, ‘molecular imprints’ contained in potentized drugs are released into the blood stream, which is a saline aqueous medium. Crude molecules of sodium chloride being consumed as food are also released into the blood stream.
The question to be answered is, how the molecular imprints of sodium chloride can exist in the blood stream without getting bound or antidoted by crude sodium cholide molecules present in blood, in spite of the configurational affinity between them.
To get an answer to this question, we should understand some important factors regarding the behavior of sodium chloride in aqueous medium.
Sodium chloride is an ionic substance, composed of positive charged sodium ions and negative charged chloride ions. In solid state, each ion is surrounded by six ions of the opposite charge as expected on electrostatic grounds. The surrounding ions are located at the vertices of a regular octahedron. In the language of close-packing, the larger chloride ions are arranged in a cubic array whereas the smaller sodium ions fill all the cubic gaps or octahedral voids between them. The attraction between the Na+ and Cl- ions in the solid is so strong that only highly polar solvents like water can dissolve NaCl well.
When dissolved in water, the sodium chloride framework present in solid state disintegrates as the Na+ and Cl- ions, and become surrounded by the polar water molecules. These solutions consist of positively charged metal-aqua complex with the formula [Na(H2O)8], consisting of a sodium ion closely surrounded by eight water molecules. This sodium-water complex by itself acts as positively charged ion. The chloride ions are also strongly solvated, each being surrounded by an average of 6 molecules of water.
Important point to be noted here is that Na+ ions or Cl- ions never exist free in the aqueous medium, but only as surrounded and strongly solvated by water molecules. Since the sodium and chloride moieties are covered with closely packed water molecules, they cannot interact with the molecular imprints contained in potentized Natrum Mur present in the medium. Na and Cl ions have a comparatively greater affinity towards the water molecules around them, than towards molecular imprints. Due to this reason, potentized Nat Mur cannot be easily antidoted by crude sodium chloride molecules consumed as part of regular diet. This is applicable to all drug substances that are ionized and strongly solvated in aqueous medium.
As per the scientific understanding of homeopathy proposed by Dialectical Homeopathy, active principles of potentized drugs are ‘molecular imprints’ of constituent molecules contained in the drug substances used for potentization. Exactly, ‘molecular imprints’ are considered as supra-molecular clusters of water-alcohol molecules into which the three-dimensional molecular configuration of guest molecules(drug molecules) are imprinted as nanocavities. These ‘molecular imprints’ will have a specific affinity towards the original drug molecules, as well as other molecules having similar functional moieties, and can bind to them. Potentized homeopathic drugs act as therapeutic agents due to this configurational affinity towards pathogenic molecules having similar functional moieties.
According to this view, crude drug molecules will have an affinity towards their own molecular imprints due to their complementary configuration, and can specifically bind to them. As such, drug molecules should be capable of deactivating their potentized forms by binding to the molecular imprints. Due to this reason, it is commonly advised not to administer mother tinctures and lower potencies of drug substances when the patient is undergoing treatment with higher potencies of same drugs.
A question commonly raised in this connection is, why NATRUM MUR in high potencies are not antidoted by the use of molecular forms of sodium chloride as part of daily diet. If crude molecules of a drug substance could antidote its potentized forms, potentized Nat Mur should be deactivated by sodium chloride we consume. As per our experience, such an antidoting does not happen. If potentized Natrum Mur is used as similimum, it acts well even if the patient consumes sodium chloride as part of his food. Many articles used as spices and culinary during preparation of foods are also used as therapeutic agents in high potencies, and many of them do not deactivate potentized forms, where as some are found to be antidotal to potentized drugs. A logical and scientific answer is required for these reasonable questions.
When administered into the organism as medicinal agents, ‘molecular imprints’ contained in potentized drugs are released into the blood stream, which is a saline aqueous medium. Crude molecules of sodium chloride being consumed as food are also released into the blood stream.
The question to be answered is, how the molecular imprints of sodium chloride can exist in the blood stream without getting bound or antidoted by crude sodium cholide molecules present in blood, in spite of the configurational affinity between them.
To get an answer to this question, we should understand some important factors regarding the behavior of sodium chloride in aqueous medium.
Sodium chloride is an ionic substance, composed of positive charged sodium ions and negative charged chloride ions. In solid state, each ion is surrounded by six ions of the opposite charge as expected on electrostatic grounds. The surrounding ions are located at the vertices of a regular octahedron. In the language of close-packing, the larger chloride ions are arranged in a cubic array whereas the smaller sodium ions fill all the cubic gaps or octahedral voids between them. The attraction between the Na+ and Cl- ions in the solid is so strong that only highly polar solvents like water can dissolve NaCl well.
When dissolved in water, the sodium chloride framework present in solid state disintegrates as the Na+ and Cl- ions, and become surrounded by the polar water molecules. These solutions consist of positively charged metal-aqua complex with the formula [Na(H2O)8], consisting of a sodium ion closely surrounded by eight water molecules. This sodium-water complex by itself acts as positively charged ion. The chloride ions are also strongly solvated, each being surrounded by an average of 6 molecules of water.
Important point to be noted here is that Na+ ions or Cl- ions never exist free in the aqueous medium, but only as surrounded and strongly solvated by water molecules. Since the sodium and chloride moieties are covered with closely packed water molecules, they cannot interact with the molecular imprints contained in potentized Natrum Mur present in the medium. Na and Cl ions have a comparatively greater affinity towards the water molecules around them, than towards molecular imprints. Due to this reason, potentized Nat Mur cannot be easily antidoted by crude sodium chloride molecules consumed as part of regular diet. This is applicable to all drug substances that are ionized and strongly solvated in aqueous medium.
http://dialecticalohmeopathy.wordpress.com/2011/12/14/similarity-of-functional-groups-of-drug-molecules-and-pathogenic-molecules-determines-similimum/
To understand the real science behind the phenomena of 'similia similibus curentur', 'drug proving' and 'potntization', we should study drug substances in terms of not only their 'constituent molecules', but in terms of 'functional groups' and 'moieties' of those drug molecules. A drug substance is composed of diverse types of drug molecules. A drug molecule interacts with 'active groups' of biological target molecules such as enzymes and receptors using their 'functional groups' or 'moieties'. It is the 'functional groups' and 'moieties' on the individual drug molecules that decide to which biological molecules they can bind to and produce molecular inhibitions. Different drug molecules with different size and structures, but having same 'functional group' or 'moiety' can bind to same biological molecules and produce similar molecular errors and similar groups of symptoms. A drug molecule become similimum to a disease when the drug molecule and disease-producing molecule have same functional groups, so that they could bind to same biological targets producing same molecular errors and same symptom groups.
Drug molecules act upon the biological molecules in the organism by binding their 'functional groups' to the active groups on the complex biological molecules such as receptors and enzymes. These molecular interactions are determined by the affinity between functional groups or moieties of drug molecules and active sites of biological molecules. Here, the functional groups of drug molecules are called 'ligands', and the biological molecules are called 'targets'. Ligand-target interaction is determined by a peculiar ‘key-lock’ relationship due to complementary configurational affinities.
It is to be specifically noted that same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the size or configuration of of the molecule it is a part of. However, its relative reactivity can be modified by nearby functional groups known as facilitating groups. That means, different types of drug molecules or pathogenic molecules having same functional groups and facilitating groups can bind to same biological molecules, and produce similar molecular inhibitions and symptoms. Homeopathic principle of ‘similimum’ is well explained by this understanding. If a drug molecule can produce symptoms similar to symptoms of a particular disease, it means that the drug molecules and disease-causing molecules have same functional groups on them, by which they bind to same biological molecules. Obviously, similarity of symptoms means similarity of functional groups of pathogenic molecules and drug molecules. To be similimum, the whole molecules need not be similar, but similarity of functional groups is enough.
Potentized drugs would contain the molecular imprints of drug molecules, along with molecular imprints of their functional groups. These molecular imprints will have specific configurational affinity towards any molecule having same functional groups, and can bind and deactivate them.
According to the scientific definition proposed by Dialectical Homeopathy, ‘Similia Similibus Curentur’ means:
“If a drug substance in crude form is capable of producing certain groups of symptoms in a healthy human organism, that drug substance in potentized form can cure diseases having similar symptoms”.
Potentization is explained in terms of molecular imprinting. As per this concept, potentized drugs contains diverse types of molecular imprints representing diverse types of constituent molecules contained in the drug substances used for potentization.
In other words, “potentized drugs can cure diseases having symptoms similar to those produced by that drug in healthy organism if applied in crude forms”.
Homeopathy is based on the therapeutic principle of ‘similia similibus curentur’, which scientifically means “endogenous or exogenous pathogenic molecules that cause diseases by binding to the biological molecules can be entrapped and removed using molecular imprints of drug molecules which in molecular form can bind to the same biological molecules, utilizing the complementary configurational affinity between molecular imprints and pathogenic molecules”.
So far, we understood ‘Similia Similibus Curentur’ as ‘similarity of symptoms produced by drugs as well as diseases’. According to modern scientific understanding, we can explain it as ‘similarity of molecular errors produced by drug molecules and pathogenic molecules’ in the organism.
To be more exact, that means ‘similarity of molecular configurations of pathogenic molecules and drug molecules’. Potentized drugs contains ‘molecular imprints’ of constituent molecules of drug used for potentization. ‘Molecular imprints’ are three-dimensional negatives of molecules, and hence they would have a peculiar affinity towards those molecules, due to their complementary configuration. ‘Molecular imprints’ would show this complementary affinity not only towards the molecules used for imprinting, but also towards all molecules that have configurations similar to those molecules. Homeopathy utilizes this phenomenon, and uses molecular imprints of drug molecules to bind and entrap pathogenic molecules having configurations similar to them. Similarity of configurations of drug molecules and pathogenic molecules are identified by evaluating the ‘similarity of symptoms’ they produce in organism during drug proving and disease. This realization is the the basis of scientific understanding of homeopathy I propose.
To be 'similar' does not mean pathological molecule and drug molecules should be similar in their 'whole' molecular structure. To bind to same targets, similarity of 'functional groups' or even a 'moeity' is enough. If the adjacent groups that facilitate binding with targets are also same, similarity becomes more perfect. If a drug molecule could produce symptoms similar to a disease, that means the drug molecules contains some functional groups simialr to those of pathogenic molecules that caused the disease. By virtue of these similar functional groups, both pathogenic molecules and drug molecules could bind to same biological targets, producing similar molecular errors and symptoms in the organism.
Molecular imprints of similar functional groups will also be similar. As such, potentized forms of a drug substance can bind and deactivate the pathogenic molecules having similar functional groups. This is the real molecular mechanism of 'similia similibus curentur'.
Except those substances of simple chemical formula belonging to mineral groups, most of the pathogenic agents as well as drug substances consist of complex organic molecules. In the study of chemical interactions involving these organic molecules, understanding the concept of ‘functional groups’ is very important. ‘Functional groups’ are specific groups of atoms within large organic molecules that are responsible for their characteristic chemical reactions. Different organic molecules having same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of. However, its relative reactivity can be modified or influenced to an extent by nearby functional groups.
Even though the word moiety is often used synonymously to "functional group”, according to the IUPAC definition,a moiety is a part of a molecule that may include either whole functional groups or a parts of functional groups as substructures.
The atoms of functional groups are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds. When the group of covalently bound atoms bears a net charge, the group is referred to more properly as a polyatomic ion or a complex ion. Any subgroup of atoms of a compound also may be called a radical, and if a covalent bond is broken homolytically, the resulting fragment radicals are referred as free radicals.
Organic reactions are facilitated and controlled by the functional groups of the reactants.
A ‘moeity’ represents discrete non-bonded components. Thus, Na2SO4 would contain 3 moieties (2 Na+ and one SO42-). A "chemical formula moiety" is defined as "formula with each discrete bonded residue or ion shown as a separate moiety".
We should learn different types of 'functional groups' and 'moieties' of constituent molecules of our drug substances, as well as diverse types of pathogenic molecules. We have to study our materia medica from this viewpoint, comparing symptoms of different drug molecules having same functional moieties. Then we can logically explain the phenomenon of 'drug relationships'. We can explain the similarity of drugs belonging to different groups such as 'calcarea', 'merc', 'kali', 'acid', 'sulph', 'mur' etc. Such an approach will make our understanding of homeopathy more scientific and accurate.
L)
To understand the real science behind the phenomena of 'similia similibus curentur', 'drug proving' and 'potntization', we should study drug substances in terms of not only their 'constituent molecules', but in terms of 'functional groups' and 'moieties' of those drug molecules. A drug substance is composed of diverse types of drug molecules. A drug molecule interacts with 'active groups' of biological target molecules such as enzymes and receptors using their 'functional groups' or 'moieties'. It is the 'functional groups' and 'moieties' on the individual drug molecules that decide to which biological molecules they can bind to and produce molecular inhibitions. Different drug molecules with different size and structures, but having same 'functional group' or 'moiety' can bind to same biological molecules and produce similar molecular errors and similar groups of symptoms. A drug molecule become similimum to a disease when the drug molecule and disease-producing molecule have same functional groups, so that they could bind to same biological targets producing same molecular errors and same symptom groups.
Drug molecules act upon the biological molecules in the organism by binding their 'functional groups' to the active groups on the complex biological molecules such as receptors and enzymes. These molecular interactions are determined by the affinity between functional groups or moieties of drug molecules and active sites of biological molecules. Here, the functional groups of drug molecules are called 'ligands', and the biological molecules are called 'targets'. Ligand-target interaction is determined by a peculiar ‘key-lock’ relationship due to complementary configurational affinities.
It is to be specifically noted that same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the size or configuration of of the molecule it is a part of. However, its relative reactivity can be modified by nearby functional groups known as facilitating groups. That means, different types of drug molecules or pathogenic molecules having same functional groups and facilitating groups can bind to same biological molecules, and produce similar molecular inhibitions and symptoms. Homeopathic principle of ‘similimum’ is well explained by this understanding. If a drug molecule can produce symptoms similar to symptoms of a particular disease, it means that the drug molecules and disease-causing molecules have same functional groups on them, by which they bind to same biological molecules. Obviously, similarity of symptoms means similarity of functional groups of pathogenic molecules and drug molecules. To be similimum, the whole molecules need not be similar, but similarity of functional groups is enough.
Potentized drugs would contain the molecular imprints of drug molecules, along with molecular imprints of their functional groups. These molecular imprints will have specific configurational affinity towards any molecule having same functional groups, and can bind and deactivate them.
According to the scientific definition proposed by Dialectical Homeopathy, ‘Similia Similibus Curentur’ means:
“If a drug substance in crude form is capable of producing certain groups of symptoms in a healthy human organism, that drug substance in potentized form can cure diseases having similar symptoms”.
Potentization is explained in terms of molecular imprinting. As per this concept, potentized drugs contains diverse types of molecular imprints representing diverse types of constituent molecules contained in the drug substances used for potentization.
In other words, “potentized drugs can cure diseases having symptoms similar to those produced by that drug in healthy organism if applied in crude forms”.
Homeopathy is based on the therapeutic principle of ‘similia similibus curentur’, which scientifically means “endogenous or exogenous pathogenic molecules that cause diseases by binding to the biological molecules can be entrapped and removed using molecular imprints of drug molecules which in molecular form can bind to the same biological molecules, utilizing the complementary configurational affinity between molecular imprints and pathogenic molecules”.
So far, we understood ‘Similia Similibus Curentur’ as ‘similarity of symptoms produced by drugs as well as diseases’. According to modern scientific understanding, we can explain it as ‘similarity of molecular errors produced by drug molecules and pathogenic molecules’ in the organism.
To be more exact, that means ‘similarity of molecular configurations of pathogenic molecules and drug molecules’. Potentized drugs contains ‘molecular imprints’ of constituent molecules of drug used for potentization. ‘Molecular imprints’ are three-dimensional negatives of molecules, and hence they would have a peculiar affinity towards those molecules, due to their complementary configuration. ‘Molecular imprints’ would show this complementary affinity not only towards the molecules used for imprinting, but also towards all molecules that have configurations similar to those molecules. Homeopathy utilizes this phenomenon, and uses molecular imprints of drug molecules to bind and entrap pathogenic molecules having configurations similar to them. Similarity of configurations of drug molecules and pathogenic molecules are identified by evaluating the ‘similarity of symptoms’ they produce in organism during drug proving and disease. This realization is the the basis of scientific understanding of homeopathy I propose.
To be 'similar' does not mean pathological molecule and drug molecules should be similar in their 'whole' molecular structure. To bind to same targets, similarity of 'functional groups' or even a 'moeity' is enough. If the adjacent groups that facilitate binding with targets are also same, similarity becomes more perfect. If a drug molecule could produce symptoms similar to a disease, that means the drug molecules contains some functional groups simialr to those of pathogenic molecules that caused the disease. By virtue of these similar functional groups, both pathogenic molecules and drug molecules could bind to same biological targets, producing similar molecular errors and symptoms in the organism.
Molecular imprints of similar functional groups will also be similar. As such, potentized forms of a drug substance can bind and deactivate the pathogenic molecules having similar functional groups. This is the real molecular mechanism of 'similia similibus curentur'.
Except those substances of simple chemical formula belonging to mineral groups, most of the pathogenic agents as well as drug substances consist of complex organic molecules. In the study of chemical interactions involving these organic molecules, understanding the concept of ‘functional groups’ is very important. ‘Functional groups’ are specific groups of atoms within large organic molecules that are responsible for their characteristic chemical reactions. Different organic molecules having same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of. However, its relative reactivity can be modified or influenced to an extent by nearby functional groups.
Even though the word moiety is often used synonymously to "functional group”, according to the IUPAC definition,a moiety is a part of a molecule that may include either whole functional groups or a parts of functional groups as substructures.
The atoms of functional groups are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds. When the group of covalently bound atoms bears a net charge, the group is referred to more properly as a polyatomic ion or a complex ion. Any subgroup of atoms of a compound also may be called a radical, and if a covalent bond is broken homolytically, the resulting fragment radicals are referred as free radicals.
Organic reactions are facilitated and controlled by the functional groups of the reactants.
A ‘moeity’ represents discrete non-bonded components. Thus, Na2SO4 would contain 3 moieties (2 Na+ and one SO42-). A "chemical formula moiety" is defined as "formula with each discrete bonded residue or ion shown as a separate moiety".
We should learn different types of 'functional groups' and 'moieties' of constituent molecules of our drug substances, as well as diverse types of pathogenic molecules. We have to study our materia medica from this viewpoint, comparing symptoms of different drug molecules having same functional moieties. Then we can logically explain the phenomenon of 'drug relationships'. We can explain the similarity of drugs belonging to different groups such as 'calcarea', 'merc', 'kali', 'acid', 'sulph', 'mur' etc. Such an approach will make our understanding of homeopathy more scientific and accurate.
L)
Saturday, November 26, 2011
Thursday, November 24, 2011
Tuesday, November 8, 2011
Homeopathy is ‘Molecular Imprints Therapeutics’ (MIT) – An Advanced Branch of Molecular Medicine « Dialectical Homeopathy
Homeopathy is ‘Molecular Imprints Therapeutics’ (MIT) – An Advanced Branch of Molecular Medicine « Dialectical Homeopathy
Existing more than 250 years as an independent therapeutic system totally alienated from mainstream scientific knowledge, I think time is now ripe for homeopathy to converges into modern molecular medicine, as an advanced branch of medical science. The great divide between ‘allopathy and homeopathy’ could now be effectively bridged through my scientific explanation of potentization and similia similibus curentur. Once the people belonging to molecular medicine realizes the historical implications of this convergence, I hope they would also utilize ‘molecular imprinting’ as part of their target-specific drug designing technology.
Existing more than 250 years as an independent therapeutic system totally alienated from mainstream scientific knowledge, I think time is now ripe for homeopathy to converges into modern molecular medicine, as an advanced branch of medical science. The great divide between ‘allopathy and homeopathy’ could now be effectively bridged through my scientific explanation of potentization and similia similibus curentur. Once the people belonging to molecular medicine realizes the historical implications of this convergence, I hope they would also utilize ‘molecular imprinting’ as part of their target-specific drug designing technology.
Monday, November 7, 2011
Homeopathy is Molecular Imprints Therapeutics- We shall prove it
Homeopathy is Molecular Imprints Therapeutics- We shall prove it
We shall prove to the world homeopathy is no nonsense! We know Homeopathy works! And now we can prove 'How Homeopathy Works'! 'Similia Similibus Curentur' is defined in the language of modern biochemistry: "Endogenous or exogenous pathogenic molecules that cause diseases by binding to the biological molecules can be entrapped and removed using molecular imprints of drug molecules which in molecular form can bind to the same biological molecules, utilizing the complementary configurational affinity between molecular imprints and pathogenic molecules". This is the real science of homeopathic therapeutics!
We shall prove to the world homeopathy is no nonsense! We know Homeopathy works! And now we can prove 'How Homeopathy Works'! 'Similia Similibus Curentur' is defined in the language of modern biochemistry: "Endogenous or exogenous pathogenic molecules that cause diseases by binding to the biological molecules can be entrapped and removed using molecular imprints of drug molecules which in molecular form can bind to the same biological molecules, utilizing the complementary configurational affinity between molecular imprints and pathogenic molecules". This is the real science of homeopathic therapeutics!
Saturday, November 5, 2011
Friday, November 4, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Wednesday, November 2, 2011
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Opinion Polls « Dialectical Homeopathy
Opinion Polls « Dialectical Homeopathy
DO YOU AGREE HOMEOPATHS SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO PRACTICE MODERN MEDICINE ALSO?
DO YOU THINK IT IS GOOD TO HAVE SOME KNOWLEDGE IN MODERN MEDICINE, BUT SHOULD NOT PRACTICE IT?
DO YOU THINK HOMEOPATHS SHOULD BE PERMITTED TO USE ALLOPATHIC DRUGS FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES AND EMERGENCIES?
VISIT THIS PAGE, CAST YOUR VOTE AND POST AND COMMENTS ON THIS TOPIC
DO YOU AGREE HOMEOPATHS SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO PRACTICE MODERN MEDICINE ALSO?
DO YOU THINK IT IS GOOD TO HAVE SOME KNOWLEDGE IN MODERN MEDICINE, BUT SHOULD NOT PRACTICE IT?
DO YOU THINK HOMEOPATHS SHOULD BE PERMITTED TO USE ALLOPATHIC DRUGS FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES AND EMERGENCIES?
VISIT THIS PAGE, CAST YOUR VOTE AND POST AND COMMENTS ON THIS TOPIC
Friday, October 28, 2011
Thursday, October 6, 2011
Wednesday, October 5, 2011
Tuesday, October 4, 2011
Sunday, October 2, 2011
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